This research has three objectives. The first one is to investigate the global governance process of food standards by using organic rice as a case study to unravel its origin and development, relevant actors, sources of authority, and interactions among the actors. The second objective is to study the governance of the organic rice standards in Thailand in relation to the global governance of the organic agriculture standards. The last one is to understand the problems of the governance process of the standards of Thai organic agriculture and try to propose solutions to those problems. Conducted qualitatively, this research gathered the information through documentary research and key informant interviews. The findings revealed that organic agriculture was initiated by non-state actors who were aware of the negative impacts of modern agriculture. Later, these actors internationally collaborated with one another and established a non-governmental international organization called the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement (IFOAM). Since then, IFOAM has played a vital role in the process of global governance of the organic agriculture standards. Albeit with the absence of political authority and economic power, IFOAM is regarded as an epistemic community of organic agriculture that holds ‘epistemic authority’. Such authority is exerted through the global governance process in three dimensions, namely the dimension of regulation making, the dimension of knowledge contesting, and the dimension of empowering. In the case of Thailand, the process of the organic agriculture standards reflects conflicts between formal and informal institutions. The lack of cooperation between the government and non-governmental sectors has been a crucial obstacle to the development of the efficient governance process of the organic agriculture standards in Thailand.