Aging dental patients are increasing according to an extension in the longevity of life. The greater occurrence of the medical conditions and medication use and a relationship with aging patients are also supposed. This study aims to investigate the occurrence of medical conditions and medication use in Thai elderly dental patients who visited the College of Dental Medicine, Rangsit University, and to determine the association between these conditions and the patients’ demographics as well as personal data. Systematic selected 712 dental chart records during 2013-2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Data were analyzed at the significant level of p < 0.05. Eighty-eight (12.3%) dental chart records of elderly dental patients were retrieved and studied. Thirty-five (39.8%) were male while 53 (60.2%) were female. The medical conditions and medication use were revealed in 58 (65.9%) and 55 (62.5%) patients. The most common medical condition was hypertension (37.5%), followed by diabetes mellitus (13.5%) and dyslipidemia (10.4%). The most common medication use was the drugs for cardiovascular diseases (42.4%), followed by antidiabetic drugs and drugs for thyroid disorders (16.3%). Antidyslipidemic drugs were found in 12.0% of the elderly patients. A significant association of elder age with body mass index (p = 0.004), systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), medical conditions (p < 0.001), and medication use (p < 0.001) was shown. The aging dental patients are typically increased in the complexity of the medical conditions and medication use. Therefore, dentists should consider the general health status of elderly dental patients before performing dental operations to prevent dental complications and provide the most beneficial dental treatment.